Maize cultivation in cameroon pdf

Pdf technical efficiency of maize production in the. The word maize derives from the spanish form of the indigenous taino word for the plant, maiz. At maturity, the total energy used by one plant is. Maize cultivation process profit and information for beginner generally, maize is also known as a corn in worldwide. Pdf ten farmers were randomly selected in the humid forest zone of cameroon to form the main focus group of 50 people.

Maize contains approximately 72% starch, 10% protein, and 4% fat, supplying an energy density of 365 kcal100 g and is grown throughout the world, with the. Before maize production of cameroon started to increase to reach a level of 2,100 tonnes in 2018, it went through a trough reaching a low of 263 tonnes in 1970. Dec 15, 2016 today we want to share with you how to start your own successful maize farming cultivation business in nigeria. Up until 2009, maize was second in importance after rice in terms of cultivated area and production. Our group has secured a land in cameroon to produce corns. The next important field where maize finds extensive use is for livestock feeds viz, cattle poultry and piggery both in the form of seeds and fodder. Technical considerations for maize flour and corn meal forti. The crop can be grown in various soils and weather conditions.

It is a large grain plant and globally popular as a queen of grains. Global maize production, utilization, and consumption ranum. Unesco eolss sample chapters soils, plant growth and crop production vol. Maize is the major source of income for more than three million smallholders in cameroon s regions. Aug 08, 20 in cameroon, the annual average consumption of fertilizers is about 6 tons per hectares of arable land, compared to 12 tons as an average for subsaharan africa, 47 tons in australia, 215 tons in france, and 111 tons in the usa wto 2007. In this article we will discuss about the origin and cultivation of maize. Introduction maize being the highest yielding cereal crop in the world is a significant importance for countries like pakistan, where rapidly increasing population has already out stripped the available food supplies. Ranking of the country cameroon at the global level is from the highest to the lowest data. Assessing the contribution of micro credit financing to maize. An analysis of the various forces that influence and shape the patterns of change in subregional maize production is important so that policies supporting increased maize production and marketing can be well articulated. The cultivation and harvesting of maize in india maize. Corn farm land in north west of cameroon is in need of.

Though the government subsidizes maize production, this support falls far short of farmers needs due to the myriads of production constraints including. International market profile 1 1 introduction maize is the third largest planted crop after wheat and rice. According to them, these seeds are of poor quality. Maize or makka or corn crop cultivation guide maize. Maize remains a key food crop in africa, latin america and asia where it is primarily used as human food.

Maize farming is one of the crop farming that is very suitable for nigerians, considering our great arable land. Maize is the most important cereal that is cultivated in most parts of subsaharan africa. Maize cultivation corn process, profit and information. Hence, households should expand their farming systems to include the cultivation of vegetables, legumes and tubers. Common initiative groups cigs enhancement in agricultural. Maize is also used in livestock feed poultry, pigs, cattle. According to satellite based imagery, seasonal rains started at the beginning of march in southern parts of the country, allowing the timely sowing of the main 2019 maize crop. In andes its cultivation goes back to prehistoric time. Maize production in cameroon, 19612016 computed from faostat the government of cameroon in a bid to increase production and commercialize agriculture has partnered with both national and. This study on the access to micro credits and maize production in mezam division, north west region of cameroon is aimed at determining the proportion of maize producers having access to credits and identifying the sources of micro credits exploited by maize producers. He produces maize on 30 hectares of land for the local market. Cameroon agriculture market growth, trends and forecast 20202025 the cameroon agriculture market is segmented by food cropscereals, cash crops, fruits and vegetables.

Determinants of the adoption of improved varieties of maize in. In addition, price mechanism and its determination have received less concern. It is designed to senre as a basic reference document for. Maize production practises for increased productivity among small holder farmers in central kenya 1 mbure g. It is recommended that a small amount of neem powder ground neem seeds mixed with dry clay or sawdust at a rate of 1. Pdf technical efficiency of maize production in the centre. History of maize while land plants have existed on earth for nearly 500 million years, maize in the form that we are accustomed to today has only existed for approximately 6000 years. The ghana grains development project 19791997 and the food crops development project 20002008 made major investments to improve maize yield. Use of maize for biofuel production increases the demand, and therefore price of maize. Maize cannot tolerate frost and hence it is a kharif crop sown just before the monsoons arrive in india. Usaid helps launch powerful new system for farmers in malawi, mozambique, and zambia duration. Lemongrass farming project report, cost, profit guide.

However, in the region, actual average yields of maize are still low 1. Nafziger encyclopedia of life support systems eolss 1. Growing maize in nigeria choice of land any well drained sandy loam or loamy soil can be used for planting maize but if in doubt, contact your nearest extension office or agroservice center. This reduces the supply of the other food crops and increases their prices. Farmers knowledge and perception on maize stem borers and. The maize plant depends largely on nature to shape its growth, development and yield. One kg powder should be sufficient to treat 1500 to 2000 plants. Cameroon s diversity of agroecological zones permits it to host three main farming systems dominating most of the subsaharan african region. The maize grain can be prepared for food in many different ways fried, grilled, in a salad or soup. Determinants of the adoption of improved varieties of maize.

Nowadays, there are attempting initiatives to reduce cassava process from field to the end user. Request pdf climate variability and maize production in cameroon. Maize is an inferior grain which is used both as food and fodder. Chemical composition of the maize kernel components % carbohydrates 84,0 protein 10,9 fat 4,5 minerals 1,3 table 1. Jan 30, 2012 the max planck institute for plant breeding research mpipz in cologne has established a display garden where students can learn a lot about the history of maize cultivation. Modelling grain surplusdeficit in cameroon for 2030.

Studies on the cassava sector largely focus on traditional processing 15,17,21. Mar 20, 2014 maize zea mays, also called corn, is believed to have originated in central mexico 7000 years ago from a wild grass, and native americans transformed maize into a better source of food. The results show that maize production in cameroon is more. Findings show that about 95% of farmers are actively involved in the cultivation of this crop. Cameroon agriculture market is projected to grow at a cagr of 6. Ngae 1 1kenya agricultural research institute, muguga south p. Loic saw that there was a lot of uncultivated land in cameroon and at the same time, there was a huge potential for maize production. In several countries, maize is the staple food for many people. Introduction maize zea mays l is the most important and most widely distributed cereal in the world after wheat and rice. There have been four principal and several minor theories regarding the origin of maize. For information about climate and soil, land preparation, varieties, high yielding hybrids and composites varieties, sowing, interculture, application of manures and fertilizers, irrigation, harvesting, etc. Poor quality improved maize seeds available in cameroon.

However, a farmer can manipulate the environment by managing factors such as cultivar choice, soil tillage, crop rotation, fertilisation, irrigation and pest control. Growing maize 1 maize types 2 selecting varieties 5 life cycle 5 the maize kernel 6 the maize plant 7 references and further reading 8. This, in turn, results in farm acreage being diverted from other food crops to maize production. No other crop utilises sunlight more effectively than maize, and its yield per ha is the highest of all grain crops. Adoption and impact of improved maize varieties on maize.

Below you will find the last recordings for the indicator. An overview of cultivation to processing abstract maize zea mays l. Mar 29, 2019 concerns over upcoming 2019 cropping season in far north, northwest and southwest regions due to insecurity. According to acdic 2009, maize is a very strategic crop in cameroon, in terms of food security and sovereignty. In the former gdr, as early as the 1970s, more than 300. He started cultivating maize on 4 hectares, and was managing the field with the help of family members. Maize was domesticated in mesoamerica, in the region that is now mexico. Maize is thought to have originated at least 5000 years ago in the highlands of mexico, peru, ecuador, andor bolivia because of the great density of native forms found in the region. Maize can be grown under varied climatic and soil conditions. The cocoa sector is a source of e mployment for about four. Pdf identification of farmers constraints to maize production in. Cereals like sorghum, millets, wheat, maize and rice are major staple foods of the most population. Determinants of the adoption of improved varieties of.

Maize with a high percentage of translucent of hard endosperm is preferred by the dry milling industry, because it produces more of the popular highquality and highvalue products sought after than does soft maize. The effect of biofuel production on other food crop prices is indirect. Cultivation on marginal crop lands is, however, not recommended. Maize is an important food crop in ghana, accounting for more than 50 percent of the countrys total cereal production. Alternate spells of sunshine and rainfall is optimal for maize production. Effects of rainfall and temperature oscillations on maize. Climate variability and maize production in cameroon.

Maize is popularly known as corn and is one of the most versatile emerging cereal cash crops having wider adaptability under variety of climatic conditions. The report also analyzes the production and consumption of major crops, in addition. The crop calendar is a tool that provides timely information about seeds to promote local crop production. It is mostly used and traded as a leading feed crop but is also an important food staple. It is now universally admitted that maize or indian com is a native of america. Agriculture in cameroon represents more than half of the countrys nonoil export revenues and employs almost 60% of the working population. Cameroon agriculture market growth, trends and forecast. Driven by a rapid rise in petroleum prices and a rapid global expansion of biofuel production from maize cassman, 2007, the. Maize production in ghana, is predominantly done under rainfed conditions by poorly resourced smallholder farmers. Determinants of the adoption of improved varieties of maize in cameroon.

Unlike rice farming, much more of our land can easily be used for maize farming. It also provides information on the sowing rates of seed and planting material and the main agricultural practices. Questions have been raised about the ecological consequences and economic sustainability of exclusive reliance on chemical fertilizers for the rapidly expanding maize production across subsaharan africa. Scientists believe that maize is derived from an earlier ancestral plant called teosinte. Cassava sector embeds many business opportunities but lots of production are unexploited due to many inadequate factors namely production, marketing, commu. In cameroon, agricultural studies on crop factors impact are scarce. In addition to food and feed, maize has wide range of industrial applications as well. The demand of this staple food in africa is getting higher with few professionals farms in cameroon. The environmental impact of maize cultivation in the. Its grain provides food and is used for obtaining starch and glucose.

This low level of use can be attributed to the high cost of mineral fertilizers. Historically however, white or waxy maize which has been grown in cambodia since around the 17th century was the dominant type of maize grown. At the national level, hybrid and ordinary maize should be reported separately owing to. Biophysical suitability and crop production in cameroon. Pdf policy and competitiveness of agroforestrybased. This species probably originated in a wild state in the tropical south america.

Simulating the effects of extreme dry and wet years the effects of interyear variability of. Simple neem products are reported to be effective for control of stemborers, including the african maize stalkborer. In cameroon, agriculture is reemerging as a promising industry. These include the maize subsector with the following cigs like chaingka young farmers cig, and kofkechekle mixed farming cig. Maize is the most widely grown grain crop throughout america with 332 million metric tons per annum in us alone. This brief therefore analyses the changing patterns of maize. Maize production is the main source of income for more than three million smallscale farmers in cameroon. Nafziger encyclopedia of life support systems eolss most of the maize production in the usa is concentrated in the us corn belt, the largest area in the world where soils and climate are well suited to largescale maize pro. Sorghum is the second most important cereal after maize with 22% of total cereal area. In 2018, maize production for cameroon was 2,100 tonnes. Organisation statistics faostat, 2010, maize is produced on nearly 100 million hectares in developing countries, with almost 70 % of the total maize production in the developing world coming from low and lower middle income countries such as cameroon. Advanced farming systems and new technologies for the maize industry1 aka whats new in maize production in the u.

Maize is one of the food crop extensively cultivated in oku. Researchers mainly focus on rice 2428 and maize 29,30. Maize can be processed into a variety of food and industrial products, including starch, sweeteners, oil, beverages, glue, industrial alcohol, and fuel ethanol. The green fodder can be fed to milch cattle to boost the milk production of a considerable extent. Maize will be planted in just one season from the first year of the project and in the following years the routine two planting seasons will be implemented. Kamgnia dia2 abstract a cereal in full expansion, maize is currently eaten by two out of every. Maize also known as indian corn or simply as corn, is a food crop of considerable importance in many parts of the world, especially in the usa, which produces nearly 57 per cent or the total maize grown in the world as compared to about 1. Processing maize can also produce a wide range of products such as corn flour and corn meal. It contains information on planting, sowing and harvesting periods of locally adapted crops in specific agroecological zones. Since early 90s, cameroon began spending billions of francs cfa to import large quantities of food items rice, maize, onion, tomatoes, milk and poultry even though relying on national products. Business in cameroon in cameroon s littoral region, maize producers no longer trust the improved maize seeds generously distributed by the ministry of agriculture and rural development. At the national level, hybrid and ordinary maize should be. Bay leaf cultivation income tej patta, project report.